| Click on a letter of the alphabet to go to that section of the Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Abrasion Resistance: The ability of a label surface
or other material surface to resist rubbing, scuffing or scratching.
Absorbency: The ability of a label paper or other
material to retain liquids or vapors such as printing inks, varnishes, humidity,
etc.
Absorption: The process which causes label paper
or other material to absorb liquids or vapors.
Accelerated Aging: The process used to determine
the behavior of a label paper or other material over a period of time, when subjected
to unusually severe conditions.
Acetate: Transparent and matte cellulose films, used
as a basis for artwork and overlays.
Acrylic: A water-soluble polymer used in paints to
make them dry both tough and flexible.
Adhesion, Peel: The
amount of adhesion determined by measuring the force required to remove
or "peel" a label or adhesive coated material from a test substrate at
a specified angle, speed and condition. Also see Peel.
Adhesion, Residual: The amount of adhesion determined
by measuring the force required to remove or "peel" a label or adhesive
coated material from a silicone coated substrate under specific conditions.
Adhesion, Specific: The amount of adhesion determined
by measuring the force required to remove or "peel" a label or adhesive
coated material from a substrate under exact circumstances.
Adhesive: A coating used to bond label material to
a substrate. Various adhesives are available to satisfy a wide range of applications.
Adhesive, Acrylic: An adhesive composed of specific
synthetic polymers or co-polymers, which are inherently pressure sensitive. This
adhesive works well with plastics, metal, corrugated and wood.
Adhesive Bleed: When an adhesive has oozed or "pushed-out" beyond the label stock and the liner.
Adhesive, Hot Melt: An adhesive that when heated
turns to a liquid and gains strength upon solidification and crystallization when
cool. This adhesive is typically used when applying labels on in-line packaging
and labeling machines.
Adhesive, Permanent: An adhesive characterized by
having high initial tack or adhesion to the surface of a substrate. A label with
permanent adhesive cannot be removed intact or will require a substantial amount
of force to be removed.
Adhesive, Pressure Sensitive: An aggressive adhesive
that with the application of light pressure provides instant adhesion and does
not require glue, water or heat to adhere to the surface of a substrate.
Adhesive, Removable: An adhesive characterized by
having low initial tack or adhesion to the surface of a substrate. Removable adhesive
allows the label to be removed from most substrates without damaging the surface
or leaving adhesive residue. A label with removable adhesive will become permanent
on a substrate over a period of time.
Adhesive, Repositionable: An adhesive characterized
by having low initial tack which allows for easy removal and repositioning within
a short period of time after being applied. A label with repositionable adhesive
will become permanent on a substrate over a period of time.
Adhesive Residue: The adhesive that remains on the
surface of a substrate after a label is removed.
Adhesive, Rubber-based: An adhesive that is comprised
of synthetic or natural rubber and other compounds which creates a pressure sensitive
adhesive.
Adhesive, Solvent-based: An adhesive coating process
that uses solvents in the coating process.
Adhesive, Water-removable: An adhesive that can be
cleanly removed from a substrate when placed in contact with water.
Against the Grain: Feeding label paper at a right
angle or opposite to the grain direction of the facestock.
Anchorage: The securing or adhering of an adhesive,
coating or ink to a substrate.
Appearance: The visible aspects such as color, finish
and formation of a paper or substrate.
Application Temperature: A range in temperature that
is required at the time of application. Adhesives have a minimum application temperature
and should be tested on the substrate under the application conditions.
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B
Back Splits: Linear cuts through the liner of
a pressure sensitive label material that allows for strips to be removed individually.
Balanced White: A facestock or substrate that is
manufactured to reflect all the visible wavelengths in the spectrum equally.
Barrier Coat: A coating that prevents absorption
or interaction between the substrate and any subsequent coating.
Basis Weight: The weight in pounds of a ream (500
sheets) of paper cut to a given standard or basic size for that grade (e.g. 500
sheets 25 x 38 of 60 lb. coated book paper weighs sixty pounds).
Bleed: When a printed image goes beyond the trim
edge of the label paper or substrate.
Bleedthrough: Migration of materials from an adhesive
or substrate into a face material, resulting in a mottled appearance of the facestock
with possibly detrimental effects to the adhesive.
Blind Embossing: A design that is stamped without
metallic leaf or ink, giving a bas-relief effect.
Blistering: A bubbled appearance due to partial delamination
between two or more surfaces.
Blocking: Undesirable adhesion where the labels stick
to the back side of the liner above them. Usually due to adhesive flow, incomplete
die-cutting of the adhesive, improper drying of inks or improper drying or curing
of coatings.
Body: A term used to define the thickness or viscosity
of ink.
Bonding: The uniting of two items.
Brightness: The percentage of light reflected from
the surface of the facestock or substrate.
Bronzing: The process of printing with a sizing ink
and the application of bronze powder to produce a metallic look.
Bulk: The degree of thickness in a number of sheets
of paper. Bulk and caliper are related, but not numerical equivalents.
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C
Calendered: Label paper or material that has gone
through the process of calendering. The facestock or other material is passed
between rollers which increase the smoothness and gloss of its surface.
Calendering: A process of compressing and smoothing
paper between heavy metal rollers. Calendering makes the paper less absorptive
to ink by giving it a more dense and even surface. Paper can be calendered to
the following finishes: High gloss, gloss or semi-gloss.
Caliper: The measured thickness of a single sheet
of label paper or material to the closest ten-thousandths of an inch (which is
equivalent to mils or points).
Cast Coated: A paper or facestock with a very high
gloss, enamel-like finish that has a clay-based coating which is dried with heat
and pressure against a highly polished cylinder.
Cast Coating: A process which gives paper an extremely
glossy enamel-like finish.
Chemical Resistance: The resistance of a label to
the deteriorating effects of exposure to various chemicals under specified conditions.
Coated: A facestock or other
material that has a coating (e.g. clay, carbonates, latex) applied to the surface
to improve its characteristics (e.g. whiteness, opacity, smoothness, printability,
gloss level).
Coated Stock: Any facestock or other material that
has a coating applied to the surface to improve its characteristics. See Coated.
Coating: A layer of minerals applied to the surface
(one or both sides) of a paper or other material to improve its characteristics
(e.g. whiteness, opacity, smoothness, printability, gloss level).
Cockling: The rippling or wrinkling of a label paper
or other material making the surface uneven and unusable.
Cohesive Strength: The internal strength of an adhesive,
often determined by the force required to divide it or separate it internally.
Conformability: The ability of a label paper or other
material to correspond in form or character to the contours of a curved or rough
surface.
Contrast: The percentage of tonal gradation between
the high, mid and low tones ranging from black to white.
Cold Flow: The high resistance to flow of a coated
adhesive due to static stress at ambient temperatures.
Color Fastness: The ability of a label paper or other
material to maintain or hold color under various situations such as storage, when
exposed to light, heat or other external conditions.
Copier Labels: Lightweight grades of good quality
and dimensionally stable label papers engineered to feed automatically through
copier machines.
Cross Direction: The direction across the grain.
Paper is weaker and more sensitive to changes in relative humidity in the cross
direction than in the grain direction.
Curl: The curving or bending of a label paper or
other material due to structural or external conditions including humidity, heat
and moisture absorption.
Cut-Off: The point where a sheet of label paper or
other material is cut from a roll.
Cutting Tolerances: Allowable variations in the sizes
of cut labels. Straight-cut labels have tolerances of ± 1/32 inch (0.8 mm); die-cut
labels have tolerances of ± 1/64 inch (0.4 mm).
Cut-to-cut tolerance: The allowable variation in
size on labels between the edge of the label and the edge of the printed image
on the label.
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D
Delamination: The separation of material into
layers in a direction approximately parallel to the surface. May be used to describe
any splitting of a material in a plane parallel to its surface.
Density: The amount of light absorption or opacity
of a label paper or other material.
Die: A device used for cutting out a shape or stamping
an image on label paper or other material.
Die-Cutting: A method utilizing a die or sharp steel
rule to cut a specified shape out of label paper or other material.
Die-Stamping: An intaglio process for printing from
engraved lettering or designs on copper or steel.
Digital Printing:
Printing by plateless devices imaged by digital data driven imaging systems. Digital
printing runs from computer to press (or printer) to output. Also called non-impact
printing.
Dimensional Stability: The ability of label paper
or other material to resist dimensional change resulting from change in moisture
content or relative humidity.
Draw-Down: A method used by ink manufacturers and
suppliers to determine the characteristics of a specific ink on a specific label
paper or other material.
Dry Gum: A paper stock coated
on one side with an adhesive that is moisture activated.
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E
Edge Lift: The lifting or separating of the edge
of a label from the application substrate.
Electronic Printing: The means of producing images
using plateless, non-impact systems.
Embossing: The process used to decorate a label paper
or other material by impressing a surface with dies to produce a raised or depressed
image.
Enamel: A term used to describe the finish on a coated
label paper or other material as well as the coating used on the label paper or
other material.
English Finish: A facestock grade with a smoother,
more uniform surface than standard machine finishing.
Engraving: An intaglio printing process which creates
a raised image on the surface of the label paper or other material.
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F
Facestock: The primary surface material that forms
the actual label of label paper. This surface includes paper or tag stock, foil,
film, fabric or cloth.
Face Splits: Linear cuts or slits through the facestock.
Finish: A term used to describe the surface of label
paper or other material.
Finishing: Operations preformed after printing (post-press)
which include trimming/cutting, die-cutting, gold stamping, folding, etc.
Flexibility: The ability of a facestock or other
material to conform to a curved surface.
Flexography: A printing process that prints from
a relief image using a rubber or plastic plate and fluid inks.
Fluid Ink: An ink with low viscosity (Also referred
to as liquid ink).
Fluorescent: Label paper or other material which
has an extremely vivid color or appears to glow due to high reflective qualities.
Foil: A dual component structure composed of extremely
thin caliper metal (most common is 0.009mm) laminated to paper for added strength
when used as labels, box-wrap, etc.
Format: The size, style, layout, margin, etc. of
a label.
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G
Gloss: The measure of light reflected from the
surface of a label paper or other material.
Glue-applied Labels: A type of preprinted label that
is glued to the application substrate. Typically used on products in the beverage,
cosmetic, food, household, industrial and pharmaceutical industries.
Grain: The direction in which the fibers of the paper
lie directly corresponding to the direction in which the paper travels through
the paper machine.
Grain Long: When the grain direction of the label
paper or other material runs parallel to the longest dimension of a sheet.
Grain Short: When the grain direction of the label
paper or other material runs parallel to the shortest dimension of a sheet.
Grammage: The metric term used for the basis weight
of paper. It is the weight in grams of a square meter of the paper (g/m2).
Gravure: A printing process which employs a cylinder
with tiny ink reservoirs etched on its surface. The recessed areas are like wells
that form the image as paper passes through.
Gripper: Metal fingers in a sheet-fed printing press
that hold and guide the label paper or other material as it passes through.
Gripper Edge: The leading edge of the label paper
or other material that leads through the printing press.
Gummed Paper: See Dry Gum
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H
Heat Resistance: The characteristic of a label
paper or other material which inhibits change (e.g. physical, chemical) when exposed
to extreme temperatures.
Heat-seal Labels: Labels characterized by an adhesive
that activates when heated on a labeling machine.
High (Hollow) Die: This is a device used to cut specified
shapes out of label paper or other material where the die is open allowing the
die-cut material to stack up within the die itself.
High-Gloss: A term used to describe the finish of
a facestock or other material characterized by the reflectance of white light
or gloss of the surface.
Holdout: See Ink Holdout.
Humidity: The amount of moisture or dampness in the
air.
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I
Impression: A term used to describe the transference
through a printing process of an image to label paper or other material.
Initial Tack: The measure of instant adhesion a pressure
sensitive label has when applied to a surface.
Ink Holdout: A term used
to describe the amount of ink absorption on a label paper or other material. The
higher the ink holdout the higher the print gloss.
Ink-Jet Labels: Labels designed to run smoothly on
ink-jet printers.
Intaglio Printing: A method of printing in which
the image is engraved or etched below the surface as in gravure.
Integrity: A term used to describe the quality of
the paper surface (finish).
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J
Jog: A procedure used to aline the edges of a
stack of label paper or other material by shaking or vibrating it on a machine
or by hand.
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K
Kiss-Cut: A method of cutting through the facestock
of label paper or other material, but not through the liner.
Kraft: A paper or board containing unbleached wood
pulp (brown in color) made by the sulfate process.
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L
Labels, Butt-Cut: Pressure sensitive labels that
share a common cut line and have no space between them.
Labels, Die-Cut: Pressure sensitive labels that are
kiss-cut and formatted to include space between each label.
Labels, Fan-Folded: Labels manufactured in a continuous
format that are folded in a zig-zag configuration.
Label Laminate: A label laminate consists of facestock,
adhesive and silicone-coated backing paper (liner).
Label Paper: Any paper stock that has an adhesive
applied to it.
Lacquer: A clear protective coating applied to the
surface of a printed label paper or other material.
Laser Labels: Labels specifically engineered to run
smoothly through laser printers.
Laser Printing: A printing process that uses a narrow
band width, intense light beam to produce an image from digital data through electronic
impulses.
Lay Flat: A characteristic of label material with
good non-curling and low distortion qualities.
Laminate: When two or more materials are layered
to form a unique product.
Lamination: A protective film that is bonded to a
printed sheet by heat and/or pressure.
Laser Labels: Labels engineered to run smoothly through
laser printers.
Letterpress: The original method of printing with
type, that transfers an image directly to the label paper or other material.
Letterset: An offset letterpress printing process
which transfers a relief image to a blanket and then to the label paper or other
material.
Liner: A release coated base stock (frequently silicone-based)
applied to the adhesive side of pressure sensitive label material, protecting
the adhesive from contamination prior to application.
Lithography: A printing process in which the image
to be printed is rendered on a flat surface, as on sheet zinc or aluminum, and
treated to retain ink while the non-image areas are treated to repel ink.
Long Grain: The grain direction of label paper or
other material that runs parallel to the longest dimension of a sheet.
Look-Through: The structural appearance of the sheet
of paper when viewed by transmitted light. See Opacity.
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M
Machine Direction: The direction the paper travels
through the paper machine which is also the direction of the grain in label paper
and other material.
Matte Finish: A term to describe the surface of a
coated label paper or other material that is characteristically dull and without
gloss, for low glare appearance.
Migration: (Also known as bleed) The movement of
one or more components of the pressure sensitive adhesive into either a substrate
or face material.
Moisture Content: The percentage of moisture in a
label paper or other material in relation to its total weight.
Mottle: A term used to describe label paper or other
material that has a spotty or blotched appearance.
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N
Non-Impact Printing: See Digital
Printing.
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O
Offcut: The remaining, usable label paper or other
material left when sheets or rolls are cut to the required size.
Offset: An unintentional transfer of wet ink from
a printed sheet to another surface in contact with it.
Offset Gravure: An offset printing process involving
the transfer between various plates (gravure plate, plate cylinder and rubber
plate).
Offset Paper: Paper produced for use on offset presses.
Opacity: The quality or property
of label paper or other material of being opaque, that reduces the amount of "show-through" or light that passes through.
Opaque: Label paper or other material that is impenetrable
by light and is neither transparent or translucent.
Opaque Ink: Ink used to completely block out an image
or other information and that reflects only its color.
Orange Peel: A textured appearance of a label after
being overlaminated.
Overprinting: Printing that is done over a previously
printed area.
Over-Run: Extra or additional pieces printed in excess
of the quantity ordered.
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P
Paper: A material made of cellulose pulp, derived
mainly from wood, rags and certain grasses, processed into flexible sheets or
rolls by deposit from an aqueous suspension.
Paper Grades: The classification of paper based on
the end use, the pulp used and the treatment of the paper.
Paper Pulp: A mixture of celluose material, such
as wood, paper and rags, ground up and moistened to make paper.
Parchment: Historically, a sheet made from skins
of goats and other animals. Today, parchments are simulated by treating the base
stock with various chemicals.
Parent Sheet: A sheet that is larger than the cut
stock of the same paper.
Pattern Gummed Adhesive: An adhesive coating that
alternates strips of adhesive/no adhesive parallel to the machine direction. The
areas of no adhesive are frequently used as "lift-tabs" for order picking
type labels.
Pattern Release: Selectively applying alternating
strips of release coating/no release coating in a machine direction pattern that
results in a permanent facestock/release liner bond in the non-release areas.
Peel: The force required to remove
a label. Also see Adhesion.
Photo Gravure: A method of printing by an engraving
process.
Picking: The lifting of the paper surface during
printing which occurs when the splitting force (tack) of the ink is greater than
the surface strength of the paper.
Pin-Fed Labels: Continuous labels engineered to run
smoothly on dot matrix printers.
Pin Registration: The use of accurately positioned
holes and special pins or pin bars on copy, film, plates, presses and labels to
insure proper registration of the image or information.
Plasticizer: An ink additive that adds flexibility,
softness and adhesion.
Pli-A-Print: A latex-impregnated, flexible stock
manufactured by Avery Graphics, suitable for exposure to moisture.
Polyester: A strong film having good resistance to
moisture, solvents, oils and many other chemicals.
Premium: Any paper that is considered better than
#1 by its manufacturer.
Press, Flat-Bed: A lithographic press used for press
proofing.
Press, In-Line: A printing press with the printing
units in-line.
Press, Perfecting: A printing press which can print
both sides of the paper in one pass through the press.
Press, Sheet-Fed: A printing press which prints on
sheets of paper.
Press, Stack: A flexographic press with printing
units in stacks.
Pressure Sensitive: Any material or substrate that
with the application of pressure, by hand or machine, provides instant adhesion
to another substrate and does not require glue, water or heat.
Pressure Sensitive Paper: Any label paper or similar
material with an adhesive coating, protected by a backing sheet (liner) that when
the liner is removed, will adhere instantly to most substrates with the application
of pressure, by hand or machine.
Press, Vertical: A letterpress cylinder press on
which the plate is mounted on a vertical plate and paper is fed over a cylinder.
Press, Web: A press which prints on rolls of paper.
Primer: Coating applied to the face material on the
side opposite to the printing surface to improve anchorage of the adhesive and
prevent migration of adhesive components into the face material.
Print Quality: The properties of the paper that effect
its appearance and the quality of reproduction.
Printability: A broad paper characteristic which
refers to a paper's suitability for presswork.
Process Printing: Printing from a series of two or
more halftone plates to produce intermediate colors and shades. In 4-color process
the colors are yellow, magenta, cyan and black.
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Q
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R
Reducers: Varnishes, solvents, oily or greasy
compounds used to reduce the body and/or viscosity of inks for printing.
Release Coat: Material coated on the liner which
allows pressure sensitive labels to release.
Release Liner: The component of the pressure sensitive
laminate which functions as the carrier for the label. It protects the adhesive
prior to application, and it readily separates from the label immediately before
the label is applied to the substrate. Also called backing sheet or liner.
Relief Printing: Printing from raised surfaces.
Residue: Adhesive left on a substrate when a label
is removed.
Resolution: Means of quantifying output quality of
electronic devices using the number of dots or spots per inch.
Recycled Paper: Paper of which the fibrous composition
contains a majority of recovered or recycled cellulose fibers (RCF).
Rub-Proof: An ink that has dried so it does not smear
with normal handling.
Runnability: The ability of a label paper or other
material to run on press without problems.
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S
Satin Finish: A smooth,
delicately embossed finished paper with sheen. Also called Silk.
SC (Supercalendered) Paper: Paper that has undergone
a mechanical treatment which aims to obtain a very homogeneous surface. Normally
made from mechanical/ground wood pulps.
Score: To impress or indent a mark with a rule in
the label paper, liner or other material to make folding easier.
Scoring: To impress label paper or other material
with a rule for the purpose of making folding easier.
Screen Printing: A printing process in which ink
is spread across an open-mesh fabric screen held in a frame where a squeegee is
used to form the image. A stencil placed over the screen blocks ink from passing
to the non-image areas.
Self-Adhesive Papers: Used essentially for labeling
purposes, the grade has a self-adhesive coating on one side and a good surface
for printing on the other. The adhesive is protected by a laminate which enables
the sheet to be fed through the printing machine, the laminate subsequently being
stripped when the label is applied.
Service Temperature: The temperature range that a
pressure sensitive label will withstand after a 24 hour period on the substrate.
The range is expressed in degrees of Fahrenheit or Celsius.
Shelf Life: The period of time during which a product
can be stored under specified conditions and still remain suitable for use (normally
one year).
Show-Through: The undesirable
condition in which the printing on the reverse side of a sheet can be seen through
the sheet under normal lighting conditions.
Silk Finish: See Satin Finish.
Slitter: Rotary knife used to slit a paper web into
specified width or to trim the outer edges.
Slitting: A term to describe the process of cutting
printed sheets by the cutting wheels of a printing press.
Smoothness: Texture of the surface of label paper
or other material, also called its finish.
Smudge Resistance: The resistance of a printed surface
to smearing.
Solvent Resistance: The resistance of a pressure
sensitive label to the action of specific organic liquids.
Specialty Papers and Boards: This is a paper trade
definition applied to such grades as off-machine coated, laminated, impregnated,
etc. as distinguished from printings and writings etc. and other grades which
do not require further processing. Specialty papers and boards are often the raw
materials for use by other industries. The electrical and instrumental industries
are examples.
Stability: The quality of paper to maintain its original
size when it undergoes pressure and moisture changes.
Stagger Cutting: A process of cutting many sheets
from the same parent sheet in which the smaller sheets have different grain direction.
Also called dutch or bastard cutting.
Static: Electricity generated by friction as paper
comes into contact with other paper, metal, wood, etc.
Static Cling Material: Specialty materials without
adhesive that adhere or "cling" to substrates through electricity generated
by friction (static).
Stiffness: Rigidity, resistance to bending and inflexibility.
Stock: Label Paper or other material to be printed.
Straight-Cutting: Cutting stacks of labels on a guillotine
or flat cutter.
Strike-Through: See Show-through.
Substrate: The surface to which a label is applied.
Converters also sometimes refer to the facestock being printed as the "substrate".
Supercalender: Machine for giving paper a very smooth
surface by passing it through a series of alternate metal and composition rolls,
revolving at high-speed with pressure.
Surfaced (Paper): Paper having undergone a coating
process in order to improve the characteristics of its surface.
Synthetic Papers: Any petroleum-based waterproof
papers with high tensile strength.
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T
Tack (Label Paper): The property of a pressure
sensitive label which causes it to adhere to a surface instantly with minimum
pressure and contact time.
Tack (Ink): The degree of pulling power (stickiness)
in printing ink.
Tag: A dense, strong paper stock.
Tag Labels: Labels on heavy paper or tag stock.
Tail-End Hook: Mechanical curl that develops at the
back edge of label sheets due to heavy solids close to the back edge of the sheet.
Tensile Strength: The ability of a sheet to withstand
tension. Paper possesses greater tensile strength in its grain direction.
Thermography: A printing process whereby slow drying
ink is applied to paper and, while the ink is still wet, is lightly dusted with
a resinous powder. The paper then passes through a heat chamber where the powder
melts and fuses with the ink to produce a raised surface.
Thickness: An aspect of the structure of a sheet
of label paper or other material seen by transparency.
Tooth: A characteristic of paper, a slightly rough
finish, which permits it to take ink readily.
Translucency: Ability to transmit light without being
transparent.
Transparent Ink: Inks that do not block out the colored
inks that they print over, but instead blend with them to create intermediate
colors.
Treated (Paper): Paper treated mechanically in the
paper machine in order to improve the smoothness and uniformity of the two sides;
the paper is rubbed, smoothed and calendered.
Tyvek: An extremely high tear strength material made
from synthetic spun-bonded polyolefin fibers.
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U
Up: A term used to describe the number of images
printed on a large size sheet to take advantage of full press capacity; two-up,
four up, etc.
UV Coating: A very slick, glossy coating applied
to the printed paper surface and dried on press with ultraviolet (UV) light.
UV Ink: Ink specially formulated to dry quickly with
ultraviolet (UV) light while still on press.
Uncalendered: Papers that are not smoothed by going
through the calendering process.
Under-Run: The final number of pieces printed that
is less that the quantity ordered.
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V
Varnish: A thin, clear coating of mixtures of
natural or synthetic resins and drying oil applied to a printed sheet for protection
or appearance.
Varnishing: Process consisting of applying varnish
or lacquer on a material or a composite. As with the application of a film, varnishing
aims to protect the printing and to increase the paper's glossiness, as well as
improve its barrier properties.
Viscosity: The resistance to flow.
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W
Waterless Plate: A printing plate using silicone
coating in non-printing areas so it can be run without dampening solution on the
press.
Waterless Printing: A printing process that uses
waterless plates which eliminate the need for an ink-water balance.
Weatherability: The capability of a label or other
material to withstand the effects of outdoor conditions such as sunlight, heat,
cold, humidity, rain, snow and time.
Web: The roll of paper that is used in web or rotary
printing.
Whiteness: The paper is perceived to be white due
to high clarity, elevated diffusion and minimum perception of hues.
With the Grain: Feeding paper into a press parallel
to the grain of the paper. Also called short-grain.
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X
Xerographic Paper: Papers made to reproduce in
copy machines and laser printers.
Xerography: The printing process used by photocopying
machines. Electric charges create the image on an electrophotographic surface
that works as a plate. This surface is cleared after each copy is made, and used
over again for the next copy.
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Y
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Z
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